ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO nanowires were prepared using the hydrothermal technique. This paper studied the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) using polymeric membrane impregnated with ZnO nanostructures under UV-light and sunlight irradiation. The developed edible pullulan/chitosan-based film was used for pork belly packaging, and the peroxide value and total number of aerobic microorganisms were significantly reduced in meat wrapped with the pullulan/chitosan/ZnONPs/propolis film. In addition, the pullulan/chitosan-based biocomposite film exhibited good antioxidant activity due to the propolis and excellent antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens due to the ZnONPs. Additionally, the water vapor barrier property and hydrophobicity of the film were slightly increased. The reinforcement with ZnONPs and propolis improved the mechanical strength of the pullulan/chitosan-based film by~25%. The combined incorporation of ZnONPs and propolis pointedly improved the composite film's UV-blocking property without losing transparency. The mushroom-mediated ZnONPs showed an irregular shape with an average size of 26.7 ± 8.9 nm. The ZnONPs were synthesized using enoki mushroom extract and characterized using physicochemical methods. Pullulan/chitosan-based multifunctional edible composite films were fabricated by reinforcing mushroom-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and propolis. MB was completely degraded in 45 min using Tagetes erecta and 120 min using Lentinula edodes when subjected to solar irradiation. ZnO NPs produced with Tagetes erecta and Lentinula edodes showed the best photocatalytic activity, matching with the maximum adsorbed MB molecules (45.41 and 58.73%, respectively). Further, TEM analysis proved the formation of spherical and hemispherical nanoparticles of ZnO with a size in the range of 14–32 nm, which were found in aggregate shape such a size was well below the size of the particles synthesized with no extract (~43 nm). The XRD results indicate that all synthesized nanoparticles have a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure, which was confirmed by TEM. UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET) were used for the characterization of samples. The photocatalytic properties of ZnO NPs were investigated by the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under sunlight irradiation. In this work, the assessment of Azadirachta indica, Tagetes erecta, Chrysanthemum morifolium, and Lentinula edodes extracts as catalysts for the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was performed. The prepared ZnO CH-SS NCs can therefore be employed as a photocatalyst for the breakdown of toxic dyes found in wastewater and it could be used as a promising antibacterial product. 90% of the dye was degraded within 135 min. Under UV light, the photocatalytic effectiveness of biosynthesized ZnO NCs was evaluated for the methylene blue (MB) dye degradation process. The findings point to a mechanism for ZnO NCs in cell death caused by complete DNA destruction. coli strain was practically resistant to these NCs, whereas B. The antibacterial effectiveness of nanocomposites was tested against two bacterial strains E. Further, HRTEM proved the formation of cubic/hexagonal shapes with consistent sizes. XRD results revealed the crystalline structure with a size of 21 nm and 25 nm for silk sericin NCs and mushroom NCs, respectively, which was confirmed by HRTEM. The confirmation was verified by HRTEM analysis. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups in extracts and synthesized nanocomposites, which was further supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The synthesized ZnO NCs were investigated by various techniques in order to confirm the production, particle size, and other properties. This is the first report on the usage of fruiting bodies of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) and silk sericin extracts as green reducer agents incorporated in the myco-synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles, coated with chitosan polymer that functions as a stabilizer was performed.
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